Pigmentation

Skin pigmentation refers to the color of an individual's skin, which is primarily determined by the amount and distribution of a pigment called melanin. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are located in the skin's basal layer. The amount and type of melanin produced by these cells depend on a range of factors, including genetics, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and hormonal influences.

People of different ethnicities have different levels of melanin, which gives their skin varying shades of brown, black, white, and other colors. People with more melanin tend to have darker skin, while those with less melanin tend to have lighter skin.

Skin pigmentation can also be affected by various factors such as sun exposure, medications, hormonal changes, and certain medical conditions. Changes in skin pigmentation can be temporary or permanent and may manifest as patches of lighter or darker skin.